Production of Solar Cells

Case Study #8: Acid-Resistant Cooling for Solar Cell Production   Initial situation In solar cell manufacturing, one key production step involves etching silicon wafers using highly concentrated mixed acid, a combination of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO₃). This chemical reaction is highly exothermic, rapidly increasing the temperature of the acid bath. As temperature…

Ventilation for Livestock Facilities

Case Study #7: Ventilation for Livestock Facilities   Initial situation Modern livestock facilities rely on forced ventilation to regulate air quality. However, this system creates challenges: in winter, barns become too cold; in summer, temperatures can spike due to heat from both the environment and the animals themselves. These extreme conditions increase the risk of…